Class XII Flamingo Poem A Roadside Stand by Robert Frost

Complete Text of the Poem

The little old house was out with a little new shed

In front at the edge of the road where the traffic sped,

A roadside stand that too pathetically pled,

It would not be fair to say for a dole of bread,

But for some of the money, the cash, whose flow supports

The flower of cities from sinking and withering faint.

The polished traffic passed with a mind ahead,

Or if ever aside a moment, then out of sorts

At having the landscape marred with the artless paint

Of signs that with N turned wrong and S turned wrong

Offered for sale wild berries in wooden quarts,

Or crook-necked golden squash with silver warts,

Or beauty rest in a beautiful mountain scene,

You have the money, but if you want to be mean,

Why keep your money (this crossly) and go along.

The hurt to the scenery wouldn’t be my complaint

So much as the trusting sorrow of what is unsaid:

Here far from the city we make our roadside stand

And ask for some city money to feel in hand

To try if it will not make our being expand,

And give us the life of the moving-pictures’ promise

That the party in power is said to be keeping from us.

It is in the news that all these pitiful kin

Are to be bought out and mercifully gathered in

To live in villages, next to the theatre and the store,

Where they won’t have to think for themselves anymore,

While greedy good-doers, beneficent beasts of prey,

Swarm over their lives enforcing benefits

That are calculated to soothe them out of their wits,

And by teaching them how to sleep they sleep all day,

Destroy their sleeping at night the ancient way.

Sometimes I feel myself I can hardly bear

The thought of so much childish longing in vain,

The sadness that lurks near the open window there,

That waits all day in almost open prayer

For the squeal of brakes, the sound of a stopping car,

Of all the thousand selfish cars that pass,

Just one to inquire what a farmer’s prices are.

And one did stop, but only to plow up grass

In using the yard to back and turn around;

And another to ask the way to where it was bound;

And another to ask could they sell it a gallon of gas

They couldn’t (this crossly); they had none, didn’t it see?

No, in country money, the country scale of gain,

The requisite lift of spirit has never been found,

Or so the voice of the country seems to complain,

I can’t help owning the great relief it would be

To put these people at one stroke out of their pain.

And then next day as I come back into the sane,

I wonder how I should like you to come to me

And offer to put me gently out of my pain.

An Introduction of the Poem

In Robert Frost's literary piece entitled "A Roadside Stand," he dissects a society plagued with inconsistencies, particularly the glaring gap between the wealthy and poor. This economic disparity stems from the unfair allocation of resources, which has left the less fortunate in dire straits. Frost's poem explicitly portrays the struggles of the impoverished and the complexities of their existence. Moreover, it delves into the tragic reality that uneven urban development has caused feelings of anguish and hopelessness among individuals in rural areas.

Theme - A Roadside Stand

The poem "A Roadside Stand" depicts the plight of low-income individuals who struggle tirelessly but see no progress in their lives. The artist expresses anguish at their misery and seeks help and relief for them, hoping that someone will selflessly work towards their rehabilitation and not exploit them. The poem highlights the stark contrast between the wealthy and the poor with unfeeling clarity, emphasizing that a nation's economic prosperity depends on the fair development of both rural and urban areas.

The roadside stand serves as a symbol of the struggles faced by those living in poverty, and the writer draws attention to the indifference of city dwellers towards their plight. The artist relates to these disadvantaged individuals and shows great empathy for them, which is evident in the powerful description of the roadside sheds. These individuals have nothing to rely on but the occasional passing vehicle to stop and buy their products, but most cars pass by without stopping or offering any help.

Summary - A Roadside Stand by Robert Frost

Robert Frost was an acclaimed American poet in the 12th century whose works centred around various characters and their experiences. He delved into human tragedies and fears, exploring his own reactions to such situations and how he carried his burdens. One of his notable works is the poem "A Roadside Stand," which sheds light on the plight of impoverished individuals who struggle to make a living. Frost depicts their situation with pitiless clarity and compassion, highlighting how city dwellers often ignore their struggles.

In the poem, Frost implores readers to help these hardworking individuals who receive little in return for their efforts. He laments the distressing reality of poverty and how indifferent people can be towards those who suffer from it. The roadside sellers hope that the city people who pass by their stands will show them some kindness by buying their products, but often, they are met with complaints or requests for directions.

Despite this, Frost believes that there are those who would selflessly help the poor and not exploit them. He underscores the significant disparities between the rich and the poor, emphasizing that a nation's progress depends on the equitable development of both rural and urban areas.

In conclusion, Frost's poem is a poignant depiction of the struggles faced by the underprivileged community. It presents a clear picture of the contrast between the lives of those who enjoy comfort and luxury and those who face harsh realities.

Critical Analysis of the Poem - A Roadside Stand by Rober Frost

"A Roadside Stand" first appeared in the June 1936 issue of Atlantic Monthly and was later included in A Further Range with the subtitle "On Being Put out of Our Misery." Frost considered calling the poem "Euthanasia" at one point (Thompson, 439).

The poem is another dispute over modernization. Frost resists current encroachment as he does in other poems, such as "Lines Written in Dejection on the Eve of Great Success" about the US space program or "The Line-Gang" about the telephone.

The roadside stand symbolizes a dwindling past and signifies a decline in agricultural prosperity. The stand is a person selling berries, pleading with passing drivers to make a purchase. The poem begins with the "little new shed" and cars speeding by. The speaker hopes that some "of the cash, whose flow supports / The flower of cities from sinking and withering faint" will be spent at the stand. The comparison of fueling the growth of a city to keeping a flower from withering is fitting, as it shows that the speaker, a farmer, draws analogies to nature, not industry, to make his points.

The speaker describes the "false alarms," when people use the pullout to turn their car around, ask for directions, or ask to buy a gallon of gas, even though there is no gas for sale. The "wooden quarts" contain only wild berries and "crook-necked golden squash with silver warts."

The "polished traffic" of nonresidents only minimally and rather dismissively notices the unrefined stand signs, "with N turned wrong and S turned wrong," and views them as marring the otherwise pastoral landscape. The "squeal of brakes" and the "plow[ed] up grass" from city folk who have taken a wrong turn and who use the yard "to back and turn around" also cause the people at the stand to be annoyed by the disruptions and "marring" of their landscape that does not bring sales. The loss of sales, no matter how insignificant the purchases may be to city folk, has a significant impact on a farmer's way of life. The question of whether it is the stand or the traffic that mars the landscape highlights the difference in perspective between city and country people.

The folks "far from the city" are forced to become beggars in this contrast between city and rural life because they are made to "ask for some city money to feel in hand." The "party in power" is identified as responsible for this decline in a farmer's lifestyle and keeping from them the promise of affluence and glamour as portrayed by Hollywood.

In the second stanza, the speaker bemoans that people will live in larger and larger places, places that are "in villages next to theater and store." He imagines the consequences of corralling people in such a way, arguing that it will make everyone lazy because people will not have to think for themselves. The "good-doers" and "beneficent beasts of prey" are satirically identified as the responsible party.

The city is the source of financial stability, and the country is largely dependent on the city folk to survive. This dependence causes significant misery and disappointment in the last stanza. The speaker can "hardly bear / The thought of so much childish longing in vain" for a car to stop. He concludes that in "the country scale of gain, / The requisite lift of spirit has never been found" and resolves that he would be relieved to "put these people at one stroke out of their pain," hence the consideration of "Euthanasia" as a title. Then the speaker catches himself and wonders what it would be like if someone should choose to do the same. 

Think it Out

Q1. The city folk who drove through the countryside hardly paid any heed to the roadside stand or to the people who ran it. If at all they did, it was to complain. Which lines bring this out? What was their complaint about?

The lines that bring out the city folk's disregard for the roadside stand and its people are:

"The polished traffic passed with a mind ahead,

Or if ever aside a moment, then out of sorts

At having the landscape marred with the artless paint

Of signs that with N turned wrong and S turned wrong"

The city folk's complaint was about the signs on the roadside stand, which they thought were artless and marred the landscape. They were not interested in the products being sold or the people running the stand, but rather in the aesthetics of the area.

Q2. What was the plea of the folk who had put up the roadside stand?

The folk who had put up the roadside stand were asking for some money, not for a dole of bread, but for some of the money flow that supports the flower of cities from sinking and withering faint. They wanted some of the city money to feel in hand, to try if it would not make their being expand and give them the life of the moving-pictures’ promise that the party in power is said to be keeping from them. In other words, they were pleading for some financial support from the city people who pass by their stand.

Q3. The government and other social service agencies appear to help the poor rural people but actually do them no good. Pick out the words and phrases that the poet uses to show their double standards.

The following words and phrases are used by the poet to show the double standards of the government and social service agencies towards the poor rural people:

"greedy good-doers, beneficent beasts of prey"

"enforcing benefits that are calculated to soothe them out of their wits"

"destroy their sleeping at night the ancient way"

"pitiful kin"

"mercifully gathered in"

"to live in villages, next to the theatre and the store"

"where they won’t have to think for themselves anymore"

"the party in power is said to be keeping from us"

Q4. What is the ‘childish longing’ that the poet refers to? Why is it ‘vain’?

The "childish longing" referred to by the poet is the hope and expectation of the rural people who run the roadside stand that a passing car will stop and buy their products or at least inquire about them. The poet describes this longing as "childish" because it is naive and innocent, like a child's hope for something good to happen. However, the poet also suggests that this longing is "vain" because it is unlikely to be fulfilled. The passing cars are more interested in their own destinations and do not have the time or inclination to stop and buy from the roadside stand. Additionally, the poet suggests that even if the rural people did manage to sell their products, it would not significantly improve their lives, as they are still subject to the exploitation of the government and other social service agencies.

Q5. Which lines tell us about the insufferable pain that the poet feels at the thought of the plight of the rural poor?

The lines that express the insufferable pain that the poet feels at the thought of the plight of the rural poor are:

"Sometimes I feel myself I can hardly bear

The thought of so much childish longing in vain,

The sadness that lurks near the open window there,

That waits all day in almost open prayer"

These lines convey the poet's empathy towards the rural poor, who long for a better life, but are unable to achieve it due to the lack of resources and opportunities. The poet feels deeply saddened by their situation and is overwhelmed by a sense of helplessness.

Talk About It

Q1. The economic well-being of a country depends on a balanced development of the villages and the cities. Discuss.

The poem "A Roadside Stand" by Robert Frost brings out the theme of the economic imbalance between the rural and urban areas. The poem highlights the fact that the economic well-being of a country depends on a balanced development of the villages and the cities.

The roadside stand is a symbol of rural poverty and economic backwardness. The people who run it are poor farmers who are struggling to make ends meet. They plead for some money from the city, which would help them to expand their business and improve their standard of living. However, the city people hardly pay any attention to their plea. They view the rural areas and their people as inferior and are unwilling to help them.

The government and other social service agencies also do not seem to be doing enough to help the rural poor. They appear to be offering help, but it is not enough to bring about any significant change. The poet shows the double standards of these agencies by using words like "pitiful kin" and "beneficent beasts of prey" to describe them.

The poem also brings out the fact that the rural poor have a longing for a better life, which they cannot achieve on their own. They are waiting for someone to help them, but their longing is in vain. The poet uses the phrase "childish longing" to describe their aspirations. The fact that their longing is "childish" implies that it is naive and unrealistic.

The pain that the poet feels at the thought of the plight of the rural poor is insufferable. He describes it as a "great relief" to put these people out of their pain. However, he immediately realizes the irony of his statement and wonders how he would feel if someone were to offer him relief in the same way.

FAQs on A Roadside Stand

Q1. Which Words and Phrases in the Poem A Roadside Stand Tell Us about the Double Standards of Government and Social Services?

ANSWER:

The author criticizes the double standards of the government and other social welfare organizations, who claim to uplift the lifestyle of poor farmers and show them the positive side of life. However, when it's time to fulfill their promise, they either ignore them or seek to serve their own interests. The poet refers to them as "selfish do-gooders" and "benevolent predators" who "swarm over their lives". The poet highlights that these greedy individuals make calculated and well-planned moves, which the honest and naive farmers fall prey to. These humble and straightforward farmers are robbed of their peace of mind by these shrewd individuals.

Q2. How does the Poet Express his Helplessness towards the individuals who Set Up a Roadside Stand?

ANSWER:

The poet expresses his helplessness towards the individuals who set up a roadside stand by portraying them as powerful and influential. He describes them as "men who sell pink and purple ices" who have "castles with turrets and moats" and "money to spend on fine food and silk." Meanwhile, the people who are affected by their actions are depicted as helpless and powerless. The poet says that "we cannot keep them from moving in next door" and that "we cannot teach them to be honest or kind." The tone of the poem is one of resignation and defeat, as the poet recognizes that he cannot change the situation and that the powerful will continue to exploit the weak.

Q3. Why were the sellers hoping to get money?

ANSWER:

The poem does not explicitly mention why the sellers were hoping to get money. However, it is implied that they were hoping to make a profit by selling their goods on the roadside. The poem suggests that these sellers were poor and had not experienced much financial success, and that they were vulnerable to exploitation by those who sought to take advantage of their situation.

Q4. What were the words/lines used by the poet to describe the Government, and what did he say about it?

ANSWER:

Frost employed phrases such as 'greedy good-doers', 'beneficent beasts of prey', and 'swarm over their lives enforcing benefits, that are calculated to soothe them out of their wits' in his poem to describe the actions of the government and social service agencies towards the impoverished rural individuals who struggle to make a living. He utilized these lines to illustrate how these entities appear to offer assistance but do not provide any tangible help in reality. The poet highlights the long-standing criticism of charity, which suggests that wealthy individuals rob the poor of meaningful work and force them into a life of misery. Frost also emphasizes how the impoverished individuals cannot sleep peacefully after a hard day's work due to their hardships. He suggests that the government can make advancements to benefit such communities, which would ultimately benefit the country as a whole.

Q5. The poet uses the term ‘childish longing’ and says that it is in vain. Explain.

ANSWER:

The term "childish longing" in the context of the poem refers to the desire or longing for a simpler, easier life free from the struggles and challenges of poverty. The poet suggests that this longing is "childish" because it is a naive and unrealistic hope that ignores the harsh realities of life. The use of the term "in vain" suggests that the poet believes this longing is futile and ultimately unattainable. Despite their yearning for a better life, the poor farmers in the poem are unable to escape the harsh realities of poverty and the greed of those who exploit them. The poet suggests that only meaningful and concrete actions by the government and social service agencies can truly make a difference in the lives of these impoverished individuals, rather than empty promises or the false hope of a better life through a childish longing.

Q6. What attitudes do the city dwellers or the people who stop by have about the roadside seller?

ANSWER:

The city dwellers are often insensitive to the plight of the countryside sellers and may not fully understand the challenges that these individuals face. When they stop near the stalls, it is often to complain or ask for directions rather than to appreciate the goods being sold. The city dwellers may become annoyed with the sellers, criticizing their signage or the way they are impacting the landscape. In addition, they may try to take advantage of the sellers for their own benefit by offering insincere acts of charity.

FAQs on the poem 'A Roadside Stand'

1. What is the theme of 'A Roadside Stand'?

The theme of the poem is the struggle and helplessness of rural people who are forced to sell their goods on the roadside to make a living, and the indifference and exploitation they face from city dwellers and government agencies.

2. What is the tone of the poem?

The tone of the poem is critical and melancholic, as the poet expresses his frustration and sympathy towards the rural sellers and his disappointment with the government and society that fail to support them.

3. What literary devices does Frost use in the poem?

Frost uses several literary devices in the poem, such as metaphor (e.g., 'beneficent beast of prey'), personification (e.g., 'the roadside flowers, too wet for the bee'), imagery (e.g., 'the saddest phalanx of herds / That ever drooped behind'), alliteration (e.g., 'childish longing'), and repetition (e.g., 'And never get back home at all').

4. What is the significance of the title 'A Roadside Stand'?

The title refers to the makeshift stalls set up by rural sellers on the side of the road to sell their goods, which symbolize their struggle to make ends meet and their vulnerability to exploitation and neglect.

5. What is the social and political context of the poem?

The poem was written in the 1930s during the Great Depression, a time of economic hardship and social upheaval in the United States. Frost was known for his critique of the government and society that failed to address the needs of the poor and marginalized, and 'A Roadside Stand' reflects his concern for the plight of rural people and his call for social and economic justice.

NCERT Solutions For Class 12 Flamingo English The Rattrap Question & Answers

THINK AS YOU READ

Q1. From where did the peddler get the idea of the world being a rattrap?

ANSWER:

As the peddler contemplated his rattraps, a sudden realization hit him - the entire world was akin to a giant rattrap. Its purpose was to lure people with its offerings of wealth, happiness, and basic necessities like food, shelter, and warmth - just like a rattrap offers cheese or pork. But as soon as someone succumbed to the temptation and took the bait, the trap would snap shut, and everything would be lost.

Q2. Why was he amused by this idea?

ANSWER:

He led a gloomy and monotonous life, trudging from one place to another with great effort. The world had always been unkind to him, and during his bleak wanderings, he took pleasure in entertaining himself with a particular idea. He found it amusing how easily people fell into dangerous traps and how some still circled around the bait.

Q3. Did the peddler expect the kind of hospitality that he received from the crofter?

The peddler was served porridge for supper and given tobacco for his pipe by the crofter. They even played a game of cards together until it was time to sleep. This hospitality was surprising since people usually reacted with displeasure when the peddler requested a place to stay.

Q4. Why was the crofter so talkative and friendly with the peddler?

The crofter's situation and disposition made him very talkative and amiable with the peddler. Being without a wife or child, he was glad to have someone to converse with and alleviate his loneliness. Additionally, he was very open in sharing his personal thoughts and feelings.

Q5. Why did he show the thirty kronor to the peddler?

The crofter had informed the peddler that he had received thirty kronor for supplying his cow's milk to the creamery. The peddler appeared skeptical, prompting the crofter to show him the thirty kronor as proof and reassure his guest of the truth.

Q6. Did the peddler respect the confidence reposed in him by the crofter?

Regrettably, the peddler did not uphold the trust placed in him by the crofter. At the earliest chance he had, he broke the window pane, took the money, and returned the leather pouch to its original spot before departing.

THINK AS YOU READ

Q1. What made the peddler think that he had indeed fallen into a rattrap?

Recognizing the danger of being caught with the stolen money in his possession, the peddler decided to retreat from the public highway and venture into the woods. However, he continued to wander without reaching the forest's end and eventually realized that he had become ensnared in a trap, having been lured in by bait and deceived.

Q2. Why did the ironmaster speak kindly to the peddler and invite him home?

As the furnace cast an unsteady light, the ironmaster approached the peddler closely and mistook him for his former regimental comrade, Captain Von Stahle. Believing him to be Nils Olof, the ironmaster spoke kindly to the stranger and extended an invitation to his home.

Q3. Why did the peddler decline the invitation?

The peddler was aware that the ironmaster had confused him for his former regimental comrade and was concerned about the thirty kronor he had stolen. Visiting the ironmaster's home would be risky, like walking into a trap. Therefore, he politely declined the invitation.

THINK AS YOU READ

Q1. What made the peddler accept Edla Willmansson’s invitation?

Miss Edla Willmansson regarded the peddler with empathy and recognized his fear. She kindly reassured him that he was free to come and go as he pleased and invited him to stay with them for Christmas Eve. The peddler felt reassured by her friendly demeanor and agreed to accept her invitation.

Q2. What doubts did Edla have about the peddler?

When Edla attempted to lift the peddler's hat, he suddenly jumped up in a startled manner and appeared to be quite frightened. Despite her friendly demeanor and explanation of her identity and intentions, the peddler remained uneasy. Edla concluded from his behavior that he may have either stolen something or escaped from jail.

Q3. When did the ironmaster realise his mistake?

The following morning, the stranger appeared well-groomed and neatly dressed after the valet had given him a bath, haircut, and shave. He was escorted to the dining room to have breakfast. In the bright daylight, the ironmaster could see him clearly and no longer mistook him for his old acquaintance. Upon realizing his mistake, the ironmaster became angry and threatened to call the sheriff.

Q4. How did the peddler defend himself against not having revealed his true identity?

The peddler defended himself, stating that he had never attempted to deceive anyone into believing that he was the ironmaster's acquaintance. He insisted that he had been honest about his circumstances, revealing that he was a poor trader. He had begged for permission to stay at the forge and had caused no harm during his stay. He offered to put his rags back on and leave if that was what the ironmaster desired.

Q5. Why did Edla still entertain the peddler even after she knew the truth about him?

Despite learning the truth about the peddler's mistaken identity and his past, Edla felt it would be unkind to turn him away after having invited him into their home and promised him a joyful Christmas celebration. She empathized with the difficult circumstances of the peddler's life and wished to offer him a day of respite and comfort. Therefore, she continued to extend hospitality to the peddler.

THINK AS YOU READ

Q1. Why was Edla happy to see the gift left by the peddler?

Upon opening the gift package, Edla discovered a small rattrap containing three crumpled ten kronor notes and a letter addressed to her. The peddler had given her this gift as a gesture of gratitude for her kindness throughout the day, and also as a way of showing that he did not wish to cause any embarrassment or shame to her during the Christmas season by being seen as a thief.

Q2.Why did the peddler sign himself as Captain von Stahle?

The peddler was initially mistaken for Captain von Stahle by the ironmaster and invited to his house. Despite the truth being revealed, the ironmaster and his daughter still welcomed and treated the peddler kindly. This allowed the peddler to redeem himself and act honourably, by returning stolen money and presenting a gift to Edla in return for her kindness.

UNDERSTANDING THE TEXT

Q1. How does the peddler interpret the acts of kindness and hospitality shown by the crofter, the iron master and his daughter?

The peddler has a different perspective on the acts of kindness and hospitality shown by the crofter, the iron master, and his daughter. He takes advantage of the crofter's loneliness and steals from him. He tries to swindle a few kronors from the iron master, and he is surprised by the contrasting behavior of the father and daughter. However, he is deeply moved by Edla's kindness, care, and intervention on his behalf.

Q2. What are the instances in the story that show that the character of the ironmaster is different from that of his daughter in many ways?

The ironmaster's actions are impulsive, while his daughter is more composed, compassionate, and logical. Due to the uncertain lighting, the ironmaster mistakes the stranger for his old comrade and invites him to stay at his home, providing him with food and clothing. However, when he sees the stranger in daylight, he accuses him of being dishonest and threatens to call the sheriff. In contrast, his daughter is more observant and picks up on the stranger's fear, suspecting that he may be a thief or a runaway prisoner. Despite this, she remains kind and friendly towards him and continues to treat him with respect and hospitality, even after learning about the mistaken identity.

Q3. The story has many instances of unexpected reactions from the characters to others’ behaviour. Pick out instances of these surprises.

The peddler is taken aback by the crofter's warm hospitality, including a generous supper and friendly conversation. The ironmaster mistakes him for his old regimental comrade, Captain von Stahle, but is corrected when he addresses him as Nils Olof. The peddler declines the invitation to stay the night, and the ironmaster assumes it is due to embarrassment over his shabby clothing. The peddler's analogy of the world being a rattrap amuses the ironmaster and he decides not to involve the sheriff.

Edla surprises the peddler with a Christmas gift of new clothes and an invitation to spend next Christmas with them. Despite discovering the truth about his identity, she remains kind and hospitable. Unfortunately, the peddler repays the crofter's hospitality by stealing from him.

Q4. What made the peddler finally change his ways?

Edla Willmansson exhibited a kind and friendly attitude towards the peddler, even interceding on his behalf when her father threatened to turn him out. Despite learning the truth about his identity, she continued to entertain him and even offered him a suit as a Christmas present, along with an invitation to spend the next Christmas with them. Her love and understanding towards the peddler brought out the good in him, ultimately leading to a positive change in his ways.

Q5. How does the metaphor of the rattrap serve to highlight the human predicament?

The world allures individuals with its pleasures such as wealth, happiness, shelter, food, warmth, and clothing, which are akin to the baits in a rattrap. Once one falls prey to the bait, the world traps them. Similarly, the peddler is lured by the thirty kronor offered by the crofter. He hides and wanders through the woods, fearing to go to the Manor house. He finds peace only after returning the bait, the money.

Q6. The peddler comes out as a person with a subtle sense of humour. How7 does this serve in lightening the seriousness of the theme of the story and also endear him to us?

The peddler displays a clever sense of humor in his conversations with the ironmaster and his daughter, even after his true identity is revealed. He doesn't seem to be afraid of being turned out into the cold in his rags or being sent to prison. Instead, he lightens the mood with his use of the rattrap metaphor, which even makes the ironmaster laugh. Furthermore, his letter with the Christmas present to Edla showcases his ability to make others laugh at his own expense, endearing himself to the reader. Overall, his humor adds a light-hearted touch to the story's serious themes.

TALKING ABOUT THE TEXT

Discuss the following in groups of four. Each group can deal with one topic and present the views of your group to the whole class.

Q1. The reader’s sympathy is with the peddler right from the beginning of the story. Why is this so? Is the sympathy justified?

The peddler garners our sympathy due to his difficult life and how he is treated by the world around him. His occupation of making rattraps is not very profitable, and he often has to resort to begging and petty thievery to survive. He leads a lonely and monotonous life, often ignored or looked down upon by those around him. Whenever he seeks shelter for the night, he is met with sour faces and unwelcoming attitudes. Even the blacksmiths at the forge barely acknowledge him.

The only people who treat him with kindness are the old crofter who enjoys his company, and Edla Willmansson, who remains friendly and understanding even after learning the truth about his identity. Her kind treatment of him brings out the peddler's better nature, and he ultimately redeems himself by returning the stolen money. Therefore, it is clear that the sympathy he receives is both earned and justified.

Q2. The story also focuses on human loneliness and the need to bond with others.

In the story, we see three characters from different strata of society who suffer from loneliness and express a need for companionship. The peddler with the rattraps is often referred to as a tramp or vagabond and moves wearily from place to place, seeking shelter for the night. Even the blacksmiths give him only a haughty nod. The old crofter is also lonely as he has no wife or children, and finds solace in the peddler's company. The ironmaster, whose wife has died and whose sons are abroad, is also lonely in his manor house. He requests Captain von Stehle to spend Christmas with him, indicating his need for human bonding. The stranger declines the invitation not because he doesn't want to bond with others, but because he fears getting caught with stolen money. These characters' loneliness evokes empathy in us, highlighting the importance of human connection in our lives.

Q3. Have you known/heard of an episode where a good deed or an act of kindness has changed a person’s view of the world?

I am familiar with the story of how the compassion shown by a Bishop helped to transform a hardened convict into a man of faith and compassion once again. The story is famously depicted in the play 'The Bishop's Candlesticks'.

The Bishop extends kindness and hospitality to a runaway convict who threatens him with a knife in the dead of night. Years of imprisonment and harsh treatment aboard a prison ship have transformed the convict into a beast, devoid of all human feelings. The convict steals the Bishop's silver candlesticks before fleeing, but is later apprehended by the police.

In order to spare the convict from further punishment and suffering, the Bishop informs the police officer that the man is a friend of his and that he had given him the candlesticks as a gift. This selfless act of kindness on the Bishop's part touches the convict's heart, melting his hardened exterior. He breaks down in tears, promising to reform and become a man once again.

Q4. The story is both entertaining and philosophical. Discuss.

The story offers insight into human nature and how people respond to different circumstances, providing entertaining glimpses of their reactions. The peddler's comical actions following his theft of thirty kronor, and the blacksmiths' casual and indifferent attitude towards his plea for shelter, illustrate the whimsical nature of human behavior. The ironmaster's sudden change of heart towards the vagabond, mistaking him for his old regimental comrade, highlights the selfish and ignorant tendencies of human beings. The ironmaster initially insists the stranger spend Christmas with his family, then threatens to turn him over to the sheriff when he sees him in the daylight, blaming him for the misunderstanding. However, the peddler's use of the metaphor of the world as a rattrap saves the situation, although the ironmaster still wants him gone. The daughter's witty and philosophical comments add to the entertainment value, as she urges her father to let the tramp enjoy a peaceful day and not chase away someone they had invited home for Christmas.

WORKING WITH WORDS

Q1. The man selling rattraps is referred to by many terms such as “peddler, stranger” etc. Pick out all such references to him. What does each of these labels indicate of the context or the attitude of the people around him.

At first, the man selling wire rattraps is labeled a "vagabond" as he walks along lost in his own thoughts. When he meets the old crofter, he is referred to as "stranger" by the narrator. After leaving, he is called "the man with rattraps." Upon returning to steal money, he becomes "the rattrap peddler."

To the blacksmiths at the forge, he is an intruder and now labeled a "tramp" by the narrator. To the wealthy ironmaster, he is a "ragamuffin," and since the peddler had never met or known the ironmaster's name, he is still referred to as "stranger." While stretching out on the floor after the ironmaster leaves, he is still described as "stranger," and the label remains during his stay at the manor house as a guest. These labels reflect the social differences between the characters and the rattrap peddler, as well as their attitudes towards him.

Q2. You came across the words, plod, trudge, stagger in the story. These words indicate movement accompanied by weariness. Find five other such words with a similar meaning.

Some other words that have a similar meaning to "plod" include "clomp," "lumber," "lurch," "reel," and "stumble."

Class XII - English - Flamingo - Poem - Keeping Quiet by Pablo Neruda

Complete Text

Now we will count to twelve

and we will all keep still.

For once on the face of the Earth

let’s not speak in any language,

let’s stop for one second,

and not move our arms so much.

It would be an exotic moment

without rush, without engines,

we would all be together

in a sudden strangeness.

Fishermen in the cold sea

would not harm whales

and the man gathering salt

would look at his hurt hands.

Those who prepare green wars,

wars with gas, wars with fire,

victory with no survivors,

would put on clean clothes

and walk about with their

brothers

in the shade, doing nothing.

What I want should not be

confused

with total inactivity.

Life is what it is about;

I want no truck with death.

If we were not so single-minded

about keeping our lives moving,

and for once could do nothing,

perhaps a huge silence

might interrupt this sadness

of never understanding ourselves

and of threatening ourselves with

death.

Perhaps the Earth can teach us

as when everything seems dead

and later proves to be alive.

Now I’ll count up to twelve

and you keep quiet and I will go.

Theme of the Poem ‘Keeping Quiet’

The theme of this poem is the desire for stillness and contemplation in a world obsessed with action and violence. The speaker suggests that our constant activity and focus on self-preservation prevent us from truly understanding ourselves and the world around us. By embracing stillness and silence, we may be able to learn from nature and find a deeper sense of meaning in life. The poem emphasizes the importance of finding balance and rejecting the destructive impulses of war and violence.

Summary of the Poem ‘Keeping Quiet’

"Keeping Quiet" is a poem written by Pablo Neruda, urging humanity to take a moment of stillness and reflection. The poet invites readers to count from one to twelve, symbolizing the hours on a clock or the signs of the zodiac, and to refrain from speaking. He suggests that language creates barriers between people, and that a moment of silence could be a transformative experience.

During this period of inactivity, the poet imagines that even those who harm nature or prepare for war would adopt a new approach and join together in unity. He emphasizes the importance of universal brotherhood and peace, and expresses his desire to see an end to war and its devastating consequences.

The poet acknowledges that people are often driven by the fear of death and work endlessly to achieve their goals. He encourages readers to take a step back and celebrate their accomplishments, while also considering the consequences of their actions. By embracing stillness and reflection, the poet suggests that we may gain a deeper understanding of ourselves and the world around us.

If people take a moment of silence, they may gain insight into the purpose of their lives. Just as nature undergoes rebirth with changing seasons, stillness can bring about a rebirth for the human soul and imbue our lives with new meaning. The poet once again counts to twelve and invites everyone to remain silent until his departure.

Detailed Explanation of Each Stanza 

Stanza 1:

Now we will count to twelve

and we will all keep still.

For once on the face of the Earth

let’s not speak in any language,

let’s stop for one second,

and not move our arms so much.

The first stanza of the poem "Keeping Quiet" by Pablo Neruda sets the stage for the poet's call to stillness and reflection. The stanza begins with an invitation to count to twelve, which may represent the hours on a clock or the signs of the zodiac. By counting to twelve and keeping still, the poet suggests that we can take a moment to pause and reflect.

The stanza goes on to suggest that this moment of stillness is a rare occurrence on Earth. The poet invites us to refrain from speaking in any language, highlighting the idea that language can create barriers between people. The stanza ends with a call to physical stillness as well, asking us to stop moving our arms so much. This emphasis on physical stillness reinforces the idea that the moment of quiet is a time for contemplation and reflection.

Stanza 2:

It would be an exotic moment

without rush, without engines,

we would all be together

in a sudden strangeness.

Fishermen in the cold sea

would not harm whales

and the man gathering salt

would look at his hurt hands.

The second stanza of "Keeping Quiet" by Pablo Neruda explores the potential impact of the stillness and quiet that the poet calls for in the first stanza. The stanza begins with the idea that this moment of stillness would be "exotic" - that is, unusual and striking. It would be a moment without the usual rush and noise of everyday life, a moment without the roar of engines that often fill our ears.

The stanza then goes on to describe how this moment of stillness could bring people together in a "sudden strangeness." By refraining from speaking, people could shed the labels and divisions that language creates and find a new sense of connection with one another.

The stanza ends with specific examples of how this moment of stillness could impact people's actions. The fishermen in the cold sea would not harm whales, suggesting a newfound sense of respect and consideration for other beings. Similarly, the man gathering salt would be more aware of his hurt hands, perhaps indicating a new sense of empathy for his own body and for others who suffer.

Stanza 3:

Those who prepare green wars,

wars with gas, wars with fire,

victory with no survivors,

would put on clean clothes

and walk about with their brothers

in the shade, doing nothing.

What I want should not be confused

with total inactivity.

Life is what it is about;

I want no truck with death.

The third stanza of "Keeping Quiet" by Pablo Neruda highlights the potential impact of stillness and quiet on those who engage in violence and destruction. The stanza begins by describing those who "prepare green wars" and pursue "victory with no survivors," referring to the wars that harm not just humans but also the environment.

The poet imagines that in this moment of stillness, even those who engage in such violence would put on clean clothes and walk with their "brothers," suggesting a newfound sense of unity and brotherhood. This moment of stillness would allow people to pause and reflect on the consequences of their actions, and the damage they have caused to the environment and to other human beings.

However, the poet clarifies that he is not advocating for total inactivity or passivity. He emphasizes that life is what it is about, and he wants to distance himself from death and destruction. The moment of stillness is not meant to be a permanent state of inactivity, but rather a moment of reflection and contemplation that can lead to positive change in how people interact with one another and the world around them.

Stanza 4:

If we were not so single-minded

about keeping our lives moving,

and for once could perhaps a huge silence

might interrupt this sadness

of never understanding ourselves

and of threatening ourselves with death.

The fourth stanza suggests that people are often so focused on constantly moving forward and achieving their goals that they forget to stop and reflect on their actions and the consequences that result from them. The poet believes that taking a moment of silence, interrupting the constant rush, and pondering upon one's actions can help to interrupt the sadness of not understanding ourselves and the fear of death that often haunts us. In other words, the poet is suggesting that taking a moment to pause and reflect can help us gain a deeper understanding of ourselves and our lives, leading to a more meaningful and fulfilling existence.

Stanza 5:

Perhaps the Earth can teach us

as when everything seems dead

and later proves to be alive.

Now I’ll count up to twelve

and you keep quiet and I will go.

The fifth stanza suggests that nature and the Earth itself can teach us important lessons about life. The poet points out that sometimes things may seem dead or lifeless, but with time, they can spring back to life, just like the changing seasons. This could be interpreted as a metaphor for how we too can experience periods of darkness and struggle, but with time, we can find hope and renewal.

The poet then returns to the idea of counting to twelve, suggesting that this moment of quiet reflection and contemplation can be a powerful experience. He once again asks his audience to remain quiet and still while he counts to twelve, before departing. This final stanza implies that the experience of silence and reflection can be transformative, and that we should take time to embrace it.

Question from Textbook Solved

1. What will counting upto twelve and keeping still help us achieve?
   
   ANSWER:
   Counting up to twelve and keeping still, as described in the poem, is a metaphor for taking a moment of stillness and silence to reflect on our lives and actions. The poet suggests that this act of reflection and contemplation can help us achieve a deeper understanding of ourselves and our place in the world. It can also help us to overcome the fear of death and to celebrate our achievements. The poem implies that this moment of quiet reflection can be transformative, allowing us to find a new perspective on life and helping us to connect with each other and the natural world in a deeper way.
   
   

2. Do you think the poet advocates total inactivity and death?
   
   ANSWER:
   No, the poet does not advocate for total inactivity or death. In fact, he specifically clarifies in the third stanza that what he wants should not be confused with total inactivity. He wants people to take a moment to pause and reflect, but not to stop living their lives altogether. The poet also expresses a desire for life and promoting universal brotherhood and peace, and he expresses a desire to avoid the destruction and death that come with war. The poem advocates for taking a moment of stillness and reflection, but it does not suggest that we should give up on life or become inactive.
   
   

3. What is the ‘sadness’ that the poet refers to in the poem? [All India 2014]
   
   ANSWER:
   The "sadness" that the poet refers to in the poem is the human tendency to constantly stay busy, to keep moving and to not take a moment to reflect on the consequences of our actions. The poet believes that this lack of introspection and self-understanding can lead to a sense of sadness and a fear of death. By urging people to remain quiet and still for a moment, the poet hopes to interrupt this cycle and allow for a period of reflection and understanding.
   
   

4. What symbol from Nature does the poet invoke to say that there can be life under apparent stillness?
   
   ANSWER:
   The poet invokes the symbol of the Earth to suggest that there can be life under apparent stillness. The line "Perhaps the Earth can teach us as when everything seems dead and later proves to be alive" implies that just as the Earth appears dormant during winter but comes alive in spring, there may be hidden vitality in humanity that can only be uncovered through stillness and introspection.

MORE QUESTIONS SOLVED

1. Why does Pablo Neruda urge us to keep still?
   
   ANSWER:
   Pablo Neruda urges us to keep still because he believes that in our busy lives, we often forget to stop and reflect on our actions and their consequences. By keeping still and being silent, we can interrupt the constant movement and noise of our lives and take a moment to contemplate our existence. Neruda suggests that this pause can be a transformative experience that helps us understand ourselves better and brings us closer to nature and other people.
   
   

2. Why shouldn’t we “speak in any language” and “not move our arms so much”?
   
   ANSWER(short):
   Pablo Neruda suggests not speaking in any language and not moving our arms so much to break down the barriers between people that are created by language and physical movement.
   
   ANSWER(long):
   Pablo Neruda urges us to keep still and not speak in any language in order to break down the barriers that language can create between people. In our everyday lives, we are constantly speaking and communicating with others in various languages, whether it is through verbal or written means. However, this constant chatter can often lead to misunderstandings and even conflict, as our different languages and ways of communicating can create walls between us.
   
   Additionally, by not moving our arms so much and remaining physically still, Neruda suggests that we can experience a moment of peacefulness and reflection. We often lead busy lives, rushing from one task to another, and this constant motion can leave us feeling disconnected from ourselves and others. By taking a moment to be still and quiet, we can reconnect with our inner selves and gain a sense of clarity and peace.
   
   Furthermore, Neruda argues that this moment of stillness and quiet can have a transformative effect on the world around us. He suggests that during this period of inactivity, we can begin to contemplate our actions and consider the impact they have on the world. This reflection can lead to a greater sense of compassion and empathy, which can in turn lead to a more peaceful and just society.

3. Pablo Neruda says:“we would all be together in a sudden strangeness.” When can we experience such a moment? Why will that be an exotic moment?
   
   ANSWER:
   According to Pablo Neruda, we can experience a moment of sudden strangeness when we stop speaking and moving for a while. This is because our daily lives are so filled with constant movement and communication that a moment of stillness and silence would be a completely new and foreign experience. It would be an exotic moment because it would be a break from our usual routines, allowing us to see the world and each other in a new light.
   
   Moreover, when we stop speaking and moving, we would all be united in this experience of stillness and silence. This sense of togetherness in a completely new and unexpected situation would also add to the feeling of exoticism.
   
   In addition, the sudden strangeness would also bring about a new sense of awareness and reflection. By stopping our usual busyness and communication, we would have the opportunity to think more deeply about ourselves, our actions, and our place in the world. We could gain new insights and perspectives on life that we may not have had before.
   
   
   

4. What does the poet ask the fisherman and the man collecting salt to dot What does he exactly want to convey by this?
   
   ANSWER:
   In the poem "Keeping Quiet," the poet Pablo Neruda asks the fishermen in the cold sea to not harm the whales and the man gathering salt to look at his hurt hands. The poet wants them to take a moment of stillness and reflect on their actions, to pause and appreciate the world around them without causing harm or distraction.
   
   Neruda wants to convey that we are often so caught up in our daily lives, rushing to achieve our goals, that we forget to stop and appreciate the world and the people around us. The moment of stillness is an opportunity to reflect on our actions and to change them if necessary. The poet is advocating for a greater sense of mindfulness and awareness in our daily lives.
   
   

5. What are the different kinds of war mentioned towards war?
   
   ANSWER:
   In the poem "Keeping Quiet," Pablo Neruda mentions three different kinds of wars:
   1. "Green wars" which may refer to wars fought over land, territory or resources.
   2. "Wars with gas, wars with fire" which may refer to chemical and nuclear warfare.
   3. "Victory with no survivors" which may refer to wars fought with the intention of completely annihilating the enemy, leaving no one alive.
   
   The poet suggests that if people were to stop and keep quiet for a moment, even those who are preparing for these kinds of wars would pause and join with their enemies in unity, simply enjoying the moment of stillness and peace.
   
   

6. What alternative does Pablo Neruda suggest instead of indulging in wars?
   
   ANSWER:
   Instead of indulging in wars, Pablo Neruda suggests the alternative of universal brotherhood and peace. He wants people to pause and reflect on their actions, celebrate their achievements, and overcome their fear of death. He believes that this moment of stillness and silence can help people realize the purpose of their lives and give a new meaning to life. He advocates for a world where people work towards their goals without causing harm to others and unite with their "enemies" in solidarity rather than fighting against them.
   
   

7. How does the poet distinguish ‘stillness’ from ‘total inactivity’? Why does Neruda saw I want no truck with death?
   
   ANSWER:
   In the poem "Keeping Quiet," Pablo Neruda distinguishes 'stillness' from 'total inactivity' by suggesting that being still and silent can lead to a profound awareness of ourselves and the world around us. In other words, it is a deliberate and conscious choice to pause and reflect, rather than a state of lethargy or disengagement.
   
   The poet says "What I want should not be confused with total inactivity. Life is what it is about; I want no truck with death." Here, Neruda is emphasizing the importance of being alive, engaged and active in the world. He is not advocating for a state of death or inactivity, but rather encouraging us to pause and reflect before continuing with our lives.
   
   Neruda believes that through the act of stillness, we can gain a deeper understanding of ourselves and the world around us, and perhaps even cultivate a sense of empathy and connection with others. This is why he urges us to "keep still," to take a momentary break from the rush and chaos of our lives, and to experience a sense of peace and unity with our surroundings.
   
   

8. Why does the poet fee! that we should not be so single-minded’?
   
   ANSWER:
   The poet, Pablo Neruda, feels that we should not be so single-minded because it prevents us from experiencing and understanding the world around us. By constantly being in a rush and focused on keeping our lives moving, we fail to take a moment to pause and reflect. This leads to a sense of sadness and a lack of understanding of ourselves and our place in the world. The poet suggests that by taking a moment to be still and silent, we can interrupt this sadness and gain a deeper understanding of ourselves and the world.
   
   

9. Why do men become sad? How can this sadness be overcome?
   
   ANSWER:
   According to Pablo Neruda's poem, men become sad due to their inability to understand themselves and their constant fear of death. This sadness can be overcome by taking a moment to be still and quiet, to interrupt the constant rush and movement of our lives. By doing so, we can gain a new perspective and perhaps come to understand ourselves better. Additionally, Neruda suggests that by embracing this stillness and interrupting our usual routines, we can learn from nature and discover the beauty and life that can be found under apparent stillness.
   
   

10. How might a huge silence interrupt the sadness of men?
    
    ANSWER:
    According to the poet, men are often consumed by the rush of daily life, which makes them "single-minded" and distracted. This can lead to a sense of sadness, as they never take the time to truly understand themselves and their purpose in life. The poet suggests that a moment of "huge silence" - perhaps by counting to twelve and keeping still - could interrupt this pattern and allow people to reflect and gain a new perspective. By being still and silent, people can let go of the distractions and demands of daily life and focus on the present moment, which can bring a sense of peace and clarity. In this way, the silence can help to break the cycle of sadness and bring about a new understanding of oneself and the world.
    
    

11. Under the apparent stillness there is life. Justify this statement giving an example from the poem ‘Keeping Quiet’.
    
    ANSWER:
    In the poem ‘Keeping Quiet’, Pablo Neruda suggests that under the apparent stillness, there is life. He uses the example of the Earth to convey this message. The Earth seems dead during winter when everything is covered in snow and the trees are bare. However, in the spring, everything comes back to life. The snow melts, flowers bloom, and the trees grow new leaves. This cycle of apparent stillness followed by new life demonstrates that there is always something happening beneath the surface, even when it appears that everything is still and lifeless. Similarly, by keeping still and quiet, we can tap into the energy and vitality that is always present within us, but often goes unnoticed due to our busy and hectic lives.
    
    

12. Justify the title ‘Keeping Quiet’.
    
    ANSWER:
    The title "Keeping Quiet" is justified as the main theme of the poem revolves around the act of keeping still and silent. The poet urges the readers to pause and reflect, to be still and not speak for a moment, to find inner peace and connect with the world around us. The act of keeping quiet is seen as a way to break free from the chaos and noise of modern life, to take a moment of stillness and connect with our own thoughts and feelings. The poem emphasizes the importance of taking a break from the constant activity and movement, to find a sense of calm and clarity. Hence, the title "Keeping Quiet" is an apt representation of the central idea of the poem.
    
    

13. Which is the exotic moment that the poet refers to in ‘Keeping Quiet’:[Delhi 201]
    
    ANSWER:
    The exotic moment referred to in the poem 'Keeping Quiet' is the moment when people count to twelve and keep still for a brief period, without speaking or moving their arms. This moment of stillness and silence is exotic because it is something that people do not often experience in their daily lives, especially in a world that is so full of noise, activity, and busyness. During this moment, people can connect with each other and with nature, and they can experience a sense of unity and peace.