A Lecture Upon the Shadow by John Donne - Questions and Answers - Class 12 - NCERT - Solved

Table of Contents

1. Line by Line Explanation of the poem 'A Lecture Upon the Shadow'
2. Critical Analysis
3. Imagery and Metaphor
4. Themes
5. Structure and Tone
6. Symbolism
7. Conclusion
8. Summary of "A Lecture Upon the Shadow" by John Donne
9. A Lecture Upon the Shadow Questions and Answers
• Understanding the Poem (Long Answer)
• Understanding the Poem (Short Answers)

Critical Analysis

John Donne's "A Lecture Upon the Shadow" is a reflective and philosophically rich poem that explores the dynamics of love and its evolution over time. In critically analyzing this poem, several key aspects can be highlighted: imagery, metaphor, themes, and structure.

Imagery and Metaphor

The poem extensively uses the imagery of shadows and light to symbolize different stages and states of love. In the beginning, shadows accompany the lovers as they walk, representing the early, imperfect stage of their love filled with illusions and pretenses:

"Walking here, Two shadows went / Along with us, which we ourselves produced"

As the sun rises and reaches its zenith, the shadows disappear, symbolizing a moment of clarity and truth in their relationship:

"But, now the Sunne is just above our head, / We doe those shadowes tread; / And to brave clearnesse all things are reduc’d"

This noon position represents the peak of their love, where everything is clear and open, without deceit.

Themes

The primary theme of the poem is the progression and maturation of love. Donne suggests that love begins with uncertainties and disguises (the morning shadows) but can reach a point of clarity and transparency (noon). However, he also warns that if love is not maintained, it can decline, bringing back new shadows that obscure and complicate the relationship:

"If our loves faint, and westwardly decline; / To me thou, falsely thine; / And I to thee mine actions shall disguise"

The poem thus reflects on the fragility of love and the necessity of sustaining it with mutual honesty and effort.

Structure and Tone

The structure of the poem is composed of a single continuous reflection, divided into segments of thought rather than formal stanzas. This structure reinforces the contemplative tone, as if the poet is delivering a thoughtful discourse or "lecture" on the nature of love. The tone is didactic yet intimate, as the speaker addresses his beloved directly, guiding her through his philosophical musings.

Symbolism

The shadows serve as a potent symbol throughout the poem. Initially, they represent the masks and deceptions that lovers may project. As the sun reaches its zenith, the disappearance of shadows symbolizes the ideal state of love—transparent and genuine. However, the return of shadows in the afternoon reflects the inevitable challenges and potential decline if love is not nurtured:

"The morning shadows were away, / But these grow longer all the day, / But oh, loves day is short, if love decay"

Conclusion

Donne's "A Lecture Upon the Shadow" is a profound exploration of love's journey from its imperfect beginnings to its potential decline. Through the use of vivid imagery, metaphor, and a contemplative tone, Donne delves into the complexities of romantic relationships, emphasizing the need for continual care and honesty to maintain love at its peak. This poem not only showcases Donne's mastery of metaphysical poetry but also offers timeless insights into the human experience of love.

Summary of "A Lecture Upon the Shadow" by John Donne

John Donne's poem "A Lecture Upon the Shadow" is a contemplative reflection on the nature and evolution of love, using the metaphor of shadows and sunlight to illustrate the different stages of a romantic relationship. The poem begins with the speaker and his beloved walking together, accompanied by their shadows, which symbolize the early stage of their love filled with illusions and pretenses. As the sun rises higher in the sky, the shadows shorten and eventually disappear, representing the moment when their love reaches its peak, characterized by clarity and openness without deceit.

However, the speaker warns that as the sun continues its journey and begins to descend, new shadows will reappear, signifying the potential decline of their love if it is not nurtured with mutual honesty and effort. The poem emphasizes the fragility of love and the necessity of sustaining it to avoid falling back into a state of disguise and misunderstanding.

Through the imagery of the sun and shadows, Donne eloquently explores the dynamics of love, its initial imperfections, its potential for transparency and truth, and the inevitable challenges it faces over time. The poem ultimately serves as a reminder of the importance of maintaining genuine and sincere relationships.

A Lecture Upon the Shadow Questions and Answers

Understanding the Poem (Long Answer)

1. How do the shadows before noon differ from the shadows after noon? What do the two kinds of shadow represent?

   • The shadows before noon are short and grow as the sun rises, representing the early stages of love where disguises and uncertainties may exist. The shadows after noon, however, become longer and represent the decline or fading of love. These two kinds of shadows symbolise the progression and transformation of love over time.

2. Love is described as light. What makes the poet talk about shadows?

   • The poet talks about shadows to highlight the imperfections and challenges in love. While love is depicted as light, the presence of shadows indicates that love is not without its difficulties and obscurities. Shadows, in this context, suggest the complexities and hidden aspects that can arise in a relationship.

3. Comment on the use of the image of the shadows for the idea that the poet wants to convey.

   • The image of shadows effectively conveys the transient and evolving nature of love. Shadows, which change with the position of the sun, symbolize the phases of a relationship. The poet uses this imagery to illustrate how love can start with uncertainties (morning shadows), reach a peak (noon), and potentially decline (afternoon shadows), thus portraying love as a dynamic rather than a static experience.

4. The poet seems to be addressing his beloved in the poem. What is the message he wishes to convey to her?

   • The poet's message to his beloved is a reflection on the nature of their love. He emphasizes that true love is transparent and free of disguises, much like the clarity at noon when shadows disappear. He also warns her about the potential decline of their love if they fail to sustain it with honesty and effort. The poet urges his beloved to cherish and nurture their love to maintain its purity and strength.

5. Comment on the appropriateness of the title "A Lecture Upon the Shadow."

   • The title "A Lecture Upon the Shadow" is appropriate as it reflects the poet's analytical and reflective approach to discussing the dynamics of love. By calling it a "lecture," the poet suggests that he is imparting wisdom or insight, using the metaphor of shadows to illustrate the different stages and challenges in a romantic relationship. The title encapsulates the poem's contemplative tone and its exploration of love's complexities.

Understanding the Poem (Short Answers)

1. What does the phrase "we ourselves produced" mean?

   • The phrase "we ourselves produced" refers to the shadows created by the poet and his beloved as they walk together. It symbolizes the initial uncertainties and pretenses in their love, which are a result of their own actions and perceptions.

2. What do you understand by "brave clearness"?

   • "Brave clearness" refers to the moment of clarity and truth in love where everything is open and transparent. It signifies a stage in the relationship where there are no more disguises or illusions, and the love between the poet and his beloved is genuine and pure.

3. What will happen if their love "faint"?

   • If their love "faint," it means that their love will weaken or decline. As a result, they will start to disguise their true feelings and actions, leading to misunderstandings and a lack of honesty in their relationship.

4. What will happen if love is allowed to "decay"?

   • If love is allowed to "decay," it will lead to a decline in the relationship. The initial purity and transparency will be lost, and the couple will fall back into a state of pretenses and misunderstandings, symbolized by the return of shadows.

Tomorrow by Joseph Conrad - Summary - Q&A - Critical Analysis - kaleidoscope - Class XII - NCERT - Solved

Table of Contents

1. Summary of the Story
2. Understanding the Text
3. Talking about the Text
4. Appreciation
5. Task

Summary of the Story

Captain Hagberd, an old retired coasting-skipper, lives in the town of Colebrook, waiting for the return of his long-lost son, Harry. Obsessed with the idea that Harry will come back "tomorrow," Captain Hagberd is known throughout the town for his eccentricity and his hope-filled proclamations. Despite the years passing, and his hope turning into a delusion, Captain Hagberd maintains this belief, which has turned into an obsession.

Miss Bessie Carvil, a young woman living with her blind and irritable father, Mr. Carvil, often interacts with Captain Hagberd. She listens to his tales and hopes, humoring him but also feeling the weight of his delusion. Her life is marked by the duty of caring for her father, whose blindness has made him bitter and demanding.

One day, a man who claims to be Harry returns, but his motives are unclear, and he seems to be more interested in getting money from Bessie than reuniting with his father. This encounter leaves Bessie feeling distressed and trapped between the expectations of Captain Hagberd and the harsh reality of her own life. 

Understanding the Text

1. What is the consistency one finds in the old man’s madness?

   • The consistency in Captain Hagberd's madness lies in his unwavering belief that his son, Harry, will return "tomorrow." This belief is so strong that it shapes his entire life and actions, providing him with a sense of purpose and hope despite the passage of time and the improbability of the event.

2. How does Captain Hagberd prepare for Harry’s homecoming?

   • Captain Hagberd prepares for Harry’s homecoming by making various practical arrangements. He builds two cottages, one for himself and one for Harry. He maintains a hopeful and expectant demeanour, continually talking about Harry’s imminent return and making plans for their future together.

3. How did Bessie begin to share Hagberd’s insanity regarding his son?

   • Bessie begins to share Hagberd’s insanity regarding his son by gradually becoming involved in his delusions. Her frequent interactions with Hagberd and her sympathy for his plight lead her to humour his beliefs, and over time, she becomes emotionally invested in the idea of Harry’s return, despite recognising the improbability of it.

4. What were Harry’s reasons for coming to meet old Hagberd?

   • Harry’s reasons for coming to meet old Hagberd were primarily financial. He was not interested in reuniting with his father out of affection or a desire to mend their relationship. Instead, his motives were selfish, as he was seeking money and possibly trying to exploit the situation to his advantage.

5. Why does Harry’s return prove to be a disappointment for Bessie?

• Harry’s return proves to be a disappointment for Bessie because he does not live up to the idealised image that Captain Hagberd had created. Instead of being the long-lost son returning to fulfil his father’s dreams, Harry is revealed to be self-serving and uninterested in the reunion, shattering the hopes and delusions that Bessie had begun to share.

Talking about the Text

1. ‘Every mental state, even madness, has its equilibrium based upon self-esteem. Its disturbance causes unhappiness’.

• Discussion: This statement suggests that even in a state of madness, there is a certain balance that is maintained by an individual's self-esteem. Disturbing this balance can lead to unhappiness and further psychological distress. In the context of the story, Captain Hagberd’s belief in his son’s return provides him with a sense of purpose and maintains his self-esteem. If this belief were disturbed, it would likely lead to a collapse of his mental state and profound unhappiness.

2. Joyce’s ‘Eveline’ and Conrad’s ‘Tomorrow’ are thematically similar.

• Discussion: Both stories deal with the theme of waiting and the paralysis that can come with it. In Joyce’s “Eveline,” the protagonist is stuck in a state of indecision about leaving her home, much like Captain Hagberd is stuck in the delusion of his son’s return. Both characters are unable to move forward with their lives, trapped by their circumstances and their own mental states.

Appreciation

1. Comment on the technique used by the author to unfold the story of Captain Hagberd’s past.

• Answer: Joseph Conrad uses a gradual revelation technique to unfold the story of Captain Hagberd’s past. Through the interactions and conversations between the characters, particularly between Captain Hagberd, Bessie, and Harry, readers slowly learn about Hagberd’s long wait for his son and the impact it has had on his life. This method keeps the readers engaged and builds suspense as the layers of the story are peeled back bit by bit.

2. Identify instances in the story in which you find streaks of insanity in people other than Hagberd. What implications do they suggest?

• Answer: One instance of insanity in the story is found in Bessie’s growing belief in Captain Hagberd’s delusion. Despite knowing the improbability of Harry’s return, she begins to share in Hagberd’s hope, indicating how prolonged exposure to someone’s madness can affect others. Another instance is in Harry’s erratic behaviour and his self-serving motives upon his return. These examples suggest that madness can be contagious and that everyone has the potential for irrational behaviour under certain circumstances.

Task

Language Work

A. Figures of Speech: Allusion

Example 1:

• Allusion: Captain Hagberd is compared to Father Neptune.
• Comparison: The comparison highlights Hagberd's maritime background and his current disheveled state. Neptune, the Roman god of the sea, symbolizes power and authority over the ocean. By comparing Hagberd to a "deposed sea-god," Conrad underscores Hagberd's fall from a commanding sea captain to a delusional, land-bound old man who has exchanged his former power (the trident) for a humble tool (the spade), signifying his loss of status and control.

Example 2:

• Allusion: "The hopeful madness of the world had broken out."
• Comparison: This phrase alludes to the idea that the world is filled with irrational hope and madness, reflecting Captain Hagberd’s unrealistic and obsessive hope for his son's return. This comparison suggests that his delusion is not unique but part of a broader human condition characterized by irrational hopes and dreams.

B. Pronunciation

Complete the columns below and mark the syllable that receives primary stress.

Verb	Noun
present	presentation
examine	examination
produce	production
calculate	calculation
distribute	distribution
specialise	specialisation

The Beggar by Anton Chekhov - Moments - Class 9 - NCERT - Q&A Solved

Summary of "The Beggar"

"The Beggar" by Anton Chekhov is a story about Lushkoff, a beggar who deceives people by lying about his circumstances to gain their sympathy and money. He tells Sergei, an advocate, that he was once a village schoolteacher and later a student, but Sergei recognizes him as a former singer dismissed for drunkenness. Sergei offers Lushkoff work chopping wood instead of giving him money.

Lushkoff reluctantly agrees, not out of willingness to work but out of pride and shame. Sergei's cook, Olga, does most of the wood chopping for him out of compassion. Over time, Sergei finds Lushkoff more work and eventually gets him a job copying documents. Two years later, Lushkoff meets Sergei again and reveals that he is now a notary, earning thirty-five roubles a month. He credits his transformation to Olga's kindness and Sergei's support, stating that Olga's actions inspired him to change his ways and stop drinking​.

Answers to Questions

1. Has Lushkoff become a beggar by circumstance or by choice?
   
   Lushkoff became a beggar by circumstance, as he lost his position as a singer in a Russian choir due to his alcoholism and had no other means to support himself​.
   

2. What reasons does he give to Sergei for his telling lies? Lushkoff admits to Sergei that he lies because he finds it impossible to survive by telling the truth, as no one would give him anything if he were honest about his past.

3. Is Lushkoff a willing worker? Why, then, does he agree to chop wood for Sergei?
   
   
   Lushkoff is not a willing worker. He agrees to chop wood out of pride and shame, feeling trapped by his own words and not wanting to admit his helplessness.

4. Sergei says, "I am happy that my words have taken effect." Why does he say so? Is he right in saying this?
   
   
   Sergei believes that his words have motivated Lushkoff to change his ways and stop drinking. While Sergei's encouragement helped, it was actually Olga's compassion and assistance that had the most significant impact on Lushkoff's transformation.

5. Lushkoff is earning thirty-five roubles a month. How is he obliged to Sergei for this?
   
   
   Lushkoff is obliged to Sergei for giving him a chance to work, which set him on the path to his current job as a notary. Sergei provided him with the initial opportunities to earn money and change his lifestyle.

6. During their conversation, Lushkoff reveals that Sergei’s cook, Olga, is responsible for the positive change in him. How has Olga saved Lushkoff?
   
   
   Olga saved Lushkoff by secretly chopping the wood for him and showing him kindness and compassion. Her noble deeds and words inspired him to stop drinking and change his life for the better.

 

A House is Not a Home by Zayn Gaudioso - Moments - Class 9 - NCERT - Q&A Solved

Summary

The story "A House is Not a Home" by Zayn Gaudioso describes the challenges of starting high school and dealing with the loss of his home in a fire. The author feels isolated and struggles to adjust to the new school environment. A fire breaks out at home, destroying most of their belongings and leaving Zayn and his mother temporarily homeless. The community, including his new schoolmates, rallies to support him, providing clothes and school supplies. This act of kindness helps Zayn make new friends and feel a sense of belonging. Eventually, his beloved cat, who went missing during the fire, is found and returned by a kind woman. This reunion symbolizes the beginning of Zayn's emotional recovery and reconnection with life.

Think About It

1. What does the author notice one Sunday afternoon? What is his mother’s reaction? What does she do?

   The author notices smoke coming into the room through the ceiling seams one Sunday afternoon. His mother reacts by running into the house twice: first to retrieve important documents and then to save pictures and letters of the author’s deceased father. She is eventually rescued by firefighters.

2. Why does he break down in tears after the fire?

   He breaks down in tears because the fire destroyed his home, and he couldn’t find his beloved cat. The combination of the new school, the fire, and the loss of his cat overwhelms him.

3. Why is the author deeply embarrassed the next day in school? Which words show his fear and insecurity?

   The author is deeply embarrassed because he has to go to school in borrowed clothes and without any of his books or homework. Words like "destined to be an outcast and a geek" and "I just wanted to curl up and die" show his fear and insecurity.

4. The cat and the author are very fond of each other. How has this been shown in the story? Where was the cat after the fire? Who brings it back and how?

   The cat always stayed close to the author, showing their strong bond. After the fire, the cat had run over a mile away. A kind woman found the cat and, after some effort, returned it to the author.

5. What actions of the schoolmates change the author’s understanding of life and people, and comfort him emotionally? How does his loneliness vanish and how does he start participating in life?

   The schoolmates take up a collection to buy him clothes and school supplies, showing their concern. This genuine act of kindness helps the author feel accepted and less lonely, allowing him to make new friends and start participating in life again.

6. What is the meaning of “My cat was back and so was I”? Had the author gone anywhere? Why does he say that he is also back?

   “My cat was back and so was I” means that with the return of his cat, the author feels emotionally restored. Although he hadn’t physically gone anywhere, the trauma had left him feeling lost and disconnected. The return of his cat signifies the end of his emotional turmoil and his reconnection with life.

The Last Leaf by O. Henry - Moments - Class 9 - NCERT - Q&A Solved

Summary of "The Last Leaf"

Sue and Johnsy, two young artists, shared a small flat. Johnsy fell seriously ill with pneumonia and lost the will to live, convinced she would die when the last leaf on an ivy creeper outside their window fell. Despite Sue’s efforts to cheer her up, Johnsy's condition worsened. Sue confided in Behrman, an elderly artist living downstairs, who had always dreamed of painting a masterpiece.

One night, during a storm, Behrman painted a realistic leaf on the wall where the last leaf had fallen. The next morning, Johnsy saw the leaf still there, which gave her hope and the will to live. She began to recover, but Behrman caught pneumonia from being out in the storm and died. It was revealed that Behrman's painted leaf, which he created in the freezing cold, was his masterpiece that saved Johnsy's life.

Think About It

1. What is Johnsy’s illness? What can cure her, the medicine or the willingness to live? Johnsy has pneumonia. The willingness to live, more than medicine, is crucial for her recovery.

2. Do you think the feeling of depression Johnsy has is common among teenagers? Yes, feelings of depression like Johnsy's are common among teenagers, often due to stress, illness, or emotional issues.

3. Behrman has a dream. What is it? Does it come true? Behrman's dream is to paint a masterpiece. It comes true when he paints the leaf that saves Johnsy's life.

4. What is Behrman’s masterpiece? What makes Sue say so? Behrman's masterpiece is the painted leaf that did not fall during the storm. Sue calls it a masterpiece because it gave Johnsy the hope and will to live.

Weathering the Storm in Ersama by Harsh Mander - Moments - Class 9 - NCERT - Q&A Solved

Summary of "Weathering the Storm in Ersama"

Prashant, a young man, experienced a devastating super cyclone in October 1999 while visiting a friend in Ersama, Orissa. The storm caused massive destruction, uprooting trees, and flooding areas, forcing Prashant and his friend's family to seek refuge on their rooftop. After two days of relentless rain, Prashant decided to return to his village, Kalikuda, to find his family. His journey through the floodwaters was filled with horror as he saw dead bodies and destroyed homes.

Upon reaching his village, Prashant found the remnants of his home and his family at a Red Cross shelter. Seeing the dire conditions at the shelter, he took charge and organized relief efforts, including securing food and cleaning the shelter. He also cared for orphans and widows, promoting community integration over institutionalization. Prashant's leadership helped the community recover, providing hope and support during their darkest times.

The Happy Prince by Oscar Wild - Moments - Class 9 - NCERT - Q&A Solved

Summary of "The Happy Prince"

The story "The Happy Prince" by Oscar Wilde is about a beautiful statue of a prince that stands high above a city. The statue is covered in gold and adorned with precious stones. One night, a swallow seeking shelter lands at the statue's feet and discovers that the Happy Prince, despite his name, is deeply sad. The Prince explains that when he was alive, he lived a life of luxury and never knew sorrow. Now as a statue, he sees the suffering of the city's poor and wishes to help them.

The Prince asks the swallow to take the ruby from his sword to a poor seamstress whose son is ill. Then, he asks the swallow to take one sapphire eye to a young playwright who is too cold and hungry to finish his work, and the other sapphire eye to a matchgirl who fears being beaten by her father. Despite the cold, the swallow agrees to stay with the Prince, helping him by distributing the gold leaf from his body to the poor.

The swallow eventually dies from the cold, and the Prince’s leaden heart breaks. The statue is deemed no longer beautiful and is removed by the townspeople. However, in the afterlife, God recognizes the true value of the Happy Prince and the swallow, and they are rewarded with eternal life in paradise.

Answers to "Think About It"

1. Why do the courtiers call the prince ‘the Happy Prince’? Is he really happy? What does he see all around him?

   • The courtiers call him the Happy Prince because he always seemed happy during his lifetime, living in luxury and never seeing sorrow. However, as a statue, he is not happy because he sees the misery and suffering in the city below him.

2. Why does the Happy Prince send a ruby for the seamstress? What does the swallow do in the seamstress’ house?

   • The Happy Prince sends a ruby to the seamstress because she is poor and her son is ill and thirsty. The swallow delivers the ruby and fans the boy's forehead to cool him down, helping him feel better.

3. For whom does the prince send the sapphires and why?

   • The prince sends one sapphire to a young playwright who is cold and hungry, so he can buy firewood and finish his play. The other sapphire is sent to a matchgirl who fears being beaten by her father for losing her matches, so she can avoid punishment.

4. What does the swallow see when it flies over the city?

   • The swallow sees the contrast between the rich, who are happy and comfortable, and the poor, who are suffering and struggling to survive. He sees starving children, beggars, and people in need.

5. Why did the swallow not leave the prince and go to Egypt?

   • The swallow grows to care deeply for the Happy Prince and feels a sense of duty to help him in his mission to alleviate the suffering of the poor. Even though it is cold, the swallow stays with the Prince out of loyalty and compassion.

6. What are the precious things mentioned in the story? Why are they precious?

   • The precious things are the leaden heart of the Happy Prince and the dead swallow. They are precious because they symbolize selflessness, love, and sacrifice. Despite their physical appearances, they represent the highest virtues in God's eyes.

Personal Experience Sharing

The story prompts readers to reflect on acts of kindness that warm the heart. An experience where helping someone in need or performing a good deed made you feel warm and happy inside, despite any discomfort or sacrifice, would be similar to the swallow's feelings in the story.

In the Kingdom of Fools by A.K. Ramanujan - Moments - Class 9 - NCERT - Q&A Solved

Summary of "In the Kingdom of Fools"

In the Kingdom of Fools, the king and his minister decide to invert the natural order by making people work at night and sleep during the day. A guru and his disciple arrive in this kingdom and are puzzled by the bizarre routine. They discover that all items cost the same, which delights the disciple but worries the guru, who decides to leave.

The disciple stays behind, enjoying the cheap food, and becomes very fat. One day, a thief dies when a wall collapses on him during a burglary. The thief’s brother demands justice from the king, who orders a series of trials to find the culprit responsible for the thief's death. The blame shifts from the merchant to the bricklayer, the dancing girl, and the goldsmith, eventually circling back to the original merchant.

The king decides to execute the merchant but finds him too thin to be impaled. He then orders the execution of the fat disciple instead. The guru returns and uses cleverness to save his disciple by convincing the king that whoever dies on the stake will be reborn as the king and minister. The foolish king and minister decide to die in their place to secure their rebirth as rulers. They are executed, and the guru and disciple are asked to rule the kingdom. They agree on the condition that the laws be changed to normalcy.

Answers to "Think About It"

1. Two strange things in the Kingdom of Fools:

   • People worked at night and slept during the day.
   • All items in the market cost the same, just one duddu.

2. Disciple's decision to stay:

   • The disciple stays because everything is cheap and he enjoys the food. This is not a good idea as the kingdom's foolishness poses unpredictable dangers.

3. People tried in the king's court:

   • Merchant: For having a weak wall that killed the thief.
   • Bricklayer: For building the weak wall.
   • Dancing girl: For distracting the bricklayer.
   • Goldsmith: For delaying the dancing girl's jewelry, causing her to distract the bricklayer.
   • Merchant's father: Originally blamed, but he's dead.

4. Real culprit according to the king:

   • The merchant’s deceased father, as he ordered the jewelry that caused the chain of events. The merchant escapes punishment as the king decides to punish someone else in his place.

5. Guru’s words of wisdom:

   • The guru advises that fools are dangerous and unpredictable, warning his disciple. The disciple remembers this when he is about to be executed.

6. Guru saves his disciple:

   • The guru convinces the king that the stake has a special power to make the first person who dies on it the next king and the second the minister. The king and minister, fearing loss of their kingdom in the next life, decide to die in their place.

Iswaran the Storyteller by R.K. Laxman - Moments - Class 9 - NCERT Q&A Solved

 Summary of "Iswaran the Storyteller"

The story is about Mahendra, a junior supervisor working for a firm that hires out supervisors to various construction sites. He moves frequently for work and is accompanied by his cook, Iswaran. Iswaran is a resourceful and talented cook who can conjure up delicious meals even in the most desolate places. Additionally, Iswaran is an excellent storyteller who narrates gripping tales filled with adventure, suspense, and horror.

One night, after Iswaran shares a particularly terrifying ghost story, Mahendra experiences a chilling encounter. He wakes up to see a ghostly figure outside his window, which greatly unsettles him. The next morning, Iswaran casually mentions that Mahendra had seen the ghost he had described, which frightens Mahendra enough to make him decide to leave the place immediately.

Answers to 'Think About It'

1. In what way is Iswaran an asset to Mahendra?

   • Iswaran is an asset to Mahendra because he is not only a skilled cook who can prepare delicious meals in difficult conditions, but also a loyal companion who follows Mahendra to all his postings. Additionally, Iswaran entertains Mahendra with his storytelling, making life more enjoyable.

2. How does Iswaran describe the uprooted tree on the highway? What effect does he want to create in his listeners?

   • Iswaran describes the uprooted tree on the highway as a monstrous beast lying sprawled across the road, creating suspense and drama in his narration. He aims to captivate and thrill his listeners by adding an element of surprise and excitement to an otherwise mundane incident.

3. How does he narrate the story of the tusker? Does it appear to be plausible?

   • Iswaran narrates the story of the tusker with great enthusiasm and detail, describing how he bravely confronted and subdued a rampaging elephant with a single blow to its toenail. While his storytelling is vivid and engaging, the tale itself seems exaggerated and implausible, adding to the charm of Iswaran’s storytelling prowess.

4. Why does the author say that Iswaran seemed to more than make up for the absence of a TV in Mahendra’s living quarters?

   • The author states this because Iswaran's captivating stories filled with suspense, horror, and drama provide Mahendra with entertainment and excitement, compensating for the lack of television in his living quarters.

5. Mahendra calls ghosts or spirits a figment of the imagination. What happens to him on a full-moon night?

   • On a full-moon night, Mahendra hears a low moan near his window and, despite trying to ignore it, eventually sees a ghostly figure outside. This frightens him and makes him reconsider his disbelief in ghosts, showing how Iswaran’s stories have influenced his imagination.

6. Can you think of some other ending for the story?

   • An alternate ending could be Mahendra discovering that the ghostly figure was actually a prank played by Iswaran to teach him a lesson about respecting local beliefs and traditions. This revelation could lead to a deeper bond between the two characters, with Mahendra appreciating Iswaran’s storytelling even more.

Qualities of a Good Storyteller

A good storyteller like Iswaran possesses:

• Imagination: Creating vivid and engaging stories.
• Dramatic Flair: Using expressive gestures and voice modulation to captivate the audience.
• Suspense Building: Keeping the listeners on edge with unexpected twists.
• Relatability: Weaving elements of everyday life into the stories to make them more believable and entertaining.

The Adventures of Toto by Ruskin Bond - Moments - Class IX - NCERT - Q&A Solved

Summary of "The Adventures of Toto"

Grandfather bought Toto, a mischievous little monkey, from a tonga-driver for five rupees and decided to add him to his private zoo. Toto, with his sparkling eyes and pearly white teeth, was both charming and troublesome. He caused considerable damage in the house, ripping off wallpaper and tearing up clothes. To keep him out of trouble, Grandfather placed Toto in a big cage with other pets but had to take him along to Saharanpur when he left to collect his pension. Toto's antics on the journey, especially his unexpected appearance from a bag, caused a scene at the railway station, leading the ticket collector to charge him as a dog. Despite Toto's endearing nature, his destructive behaviour led Grandfather to eventually return him to the tonga-driver.

Think About It (Q&A)

1. How does Toto come to grandfather’s private zoo?

   • Grandfather bought Toto from a tonga-driver for five rupees because the monkey looked out of place tied to a feeding-trough.

2. “Toto was a pretty monkey.” In what sense is Toto pretty?

   • Toto had bright eyes that sparkled with mischief, pearly white teeth often displayed in a smile, and a tail that added to his good looks and served as a third hand.

3. Why does grandfather take Toto to Saharanpur and how? Why does the ticket collector insist on calling Toto a dog?

   • Grandfather took Toto to Saharanpur because Toto wouldn't allow the other animals in the cage to sleep. He carried Toto in a black canvas kit-bag. The ticket collector called Toto a dog because of his classification of all animals as dogs for fare purposes, leading Grandfather to pay three rupees for Toto's fare.

4. How does Toto take a bath? Where has he learnt to do this? How does Toto almost boil himself alive?

   • Toto tested the water temperature with his hand and stepped into the bath gradually, just as he had seen the narrator do. He almost boiled himself alive by getting into a kettle left on the fire, thinking the water was just warm enough for a bath, until it started boiling and Grandmother rescued him.

5. Why does the author say, “Toto was not the sort of pet we could keep for long”?

   • Toto was too mischievous and destructive, causing frequent damage to clothes, curtains, and dishes, which the family couldn't afford to replace regularly.

 

The Lost Child by Mulk Raj Anand - Q&A Solved

Summary of the Story 'The Lost Child'

The story "The Lost Child" by Mulk Raj Anand depicts a young boy's experience at a village fair. Enthralled by the various attractions like toys, sweets, flowers, and balloons, the boy repeatedly lags behind his parents. Each time he asks for something, he anticipates his parents' refusal and moves on without waiting for their response. As the fair's excitement heightens, the boy suddenly realizes he has lost his parents. Overcome with fear and anxiety, he cries out for them and runs around in a frantic search. A kind man finds him and tries to comfort him by offering the very things he desired earlier. However, the boy now only wants his mother and father, having lost interest in everything else. The story ends with the boy still yearning for his parents, leaving readers with hope for their eventual reunion.

THINK ABOUT IT (Q&A)

1. What are the things the child sees on his way to the fair? Why does he lag behind?

   • The child sees toys, a mustard field, insects, flowers, doves, sweets, garlands, balloons, a snake-charmer, and a roundabout. He lags behind because he is fascinated and distracted by these sights.

2. In the fair he wants many things. What are they? Why does he move on without waiting for an answer?

   • The child wants burfi, a garland, balloons, and a roundabout ride. He moves on without waiting because he knows his parents will refuse, considering his desires greedy, the items cheap, or him too old.

3. When does he realise that he has lost his way? How have his anxiety and insecurity been described?

   • He realizes he is lost when he cannot find his parents after asking for a roundabout ride. His anxiety is shown through his cries, tears, panicked running, and desperate calls for his mother and father.

4. Why does the lost child lose interest in the things that he had wanted earlier?

   • The child loses interest in previous desires because his main concern becomes finding his parents. The need for safety and reunion with them outweighs his earlier wants.

5. What do you think happens in the end? Does the child find his parents?

• The story ends ambiguously, but the kind man comforts the child, suggesting he is in safe hands. It is hopeful that with the man's help, the child will eventually find his parents.

Additional Questions and Answers

1. What distracts the child while walking with his parents?

   • The child is distracted by toys, flowers, insects, sweets, garlands, balloons, a snake-charmer, and a roundabout.

2. How does the child react when his father refuses to buy him a toy?

   • The child moves on, knowing his father would refuse, but he remains eager and hopeful for other attractions.

3. What sights at the fair excite the child the most?

   • The child is most excited by the sweetmeats, garlands, balloons, and the roundabout ride.

4. How does the child feel when he realizes he is lost?

   • The child feels scared, anxious, and desperate, crying and searching frantically for his parents.

5. What does the kind man do to help the lost child?

   • The kind man tries to comfort the child by offering him a ride, showing him balloons, and offering sweets and flowers.

6. Why does the child refuse all the offers made by the kind man?

   • The child refuses all offers because his only concern is finding his parents; nothing else matters to him anymore.

7. What lesson does the story "The Lost Child" teach?

   • The story teaches the importance of parental love and security, showing that a child's greatest need is the presence and comfort of their parents.

The Lake Isle of Innisfree by William Butler Yeats - Critical Analysis, Theme, Summary, Q&A Solved

The Lake Isle of Innisfree

Table of Contents

1. The Poem
2. Analysis
• Themes
• Imagery
• Structure and Form
• Personal Reflection
3. Thinking About the Poem (Q&A)

I will arise and go now, and go to Innisfree,

And a small cabin build there, of clay and wattles made;

Nine bean-rows will I have there, a hive for the honeybee,

And live alone in the bee-loud glade.

And I shall have some peace there, for peace comes dropping slow,

Dropping from the veils of the morning to where the cricket sings;

There midnight’s all a glimmer, and noon a purple glow,

And evening full of the linnet’s wings.

I will arise and go now, for always night and day

I hear lake water lapping with low sounds by the shore;

While I stand on the roadway, or on the pavements grey,

I hear it in the deep heart’s core.

Analysis

Themes:

1. Nature and Solitude: The poem expresses a desire to escape the hustle and bustle of urban life and find solace in nature. The speaker yearns for the tranquility and simplicity of the Lake Isle of Innisfree, away from the noise and chaos of the city.
2. Idealization of Rural Life: Yeats idealizes the rural life, portraying it as a place of peace and contentment. The imagery of the cabin, bean-rows, and honeybees evokes a sense of self-sufficiency and harmony with nature.
3. Inner Peace: The repeated reference to peace suggests a longing for inner calm and spiritual fulfillment, which the speaker believes can be found in the natural setting of Innisfree.

Imagery: 

Yeats uses vivid and sensory imagery to bring the Lake Isle of Innisfree to life. The sights, sounds, and sensations of the island are depicted in a way that appeals to the reader's senses:

• Visual Imagery: "midnight’s all a glimmer," "noon a purple glow," and "evening full of the linnet’s wings."
• Auditory Imagery: "lake water lapping with low sounds," "the cricket sings," and "bee-loud glade."

Structure and Form: 

The poem is written in three quatrains with a consistent ABAB rhyme scheme. The rhythmic and melodic quality of the poem enhances its meditative tone and reflects the natural harmony the speaker seeks.

Personal Reflection: 

The final stanza reveals that the speaker's longing for Innisfree is a deeply ingrained part of their being. Even while standing in the city, the speaker can hear the "lake water lapping," suggesting that the memory and desire for Innisfree are ever-present in their heart.

This poem is a beautiful expression of the universal desire for peace and a connection to nature, encapsulated in Yeats's evocative and lyrical style.

Thinking About the Poem (Q&A)

I.1. What kind of place is Innisfree? Think about:

(i) The three things the poet wants to do when he goes back there (stanza I):

• Build a small cabin: The poet wishes to build a simple dwelling made of clay and wattles.
• Plant bean-rows: He plans to cultivate nine rows of beans, indicating a desire for self-sufficiency.
• Keep a hive for honeybees: This symbolizes a connection with nature and the sweetness of life.

(ii) What he hears and sees there and its effect on him (stanza II):

• Hears: The poet hears the cricket singing, which adds to the serene and peaceful atmosphere. The sound of the bees is also mentioned, creating a lively yet tranquil environment.
• Sees: He sees the glimmering midnight, the purple glow at noon, and the linnet’s wings in the evening. These visual images create a picture of natural beauty and tranquility.
• Effect on him: The sights and sounds of Innisfree bring him a sense of peace and contentment.

(iii) What he hears in his “heart’s core” even when he is far away from Innisfree (stanza III):

• Hears: Even when the poet is far from Innisfree, he hears the lapping of the lake water in his deep heart’s core. This shows that the memory and longing for Innisfree are deeply ingrained in him.

2. How does the poet contrast Innisfree with where he now stands? (Read stanza III)

• The poet contrasts the natural, peaceful environment of Innisfree with the urban setting where he currently stands. Innisfree is depicted as a place of tranquility and natural beauty, whereas the city is represented by "roadway" and "pavements grey," suggesting a monotonous and lifeless environment.

3. Do you think Innisfree is only a place, or a state of mind? Does the poet actually miss the place of his boyhood days?

• Innisfree seems to be both a place and a state of mind for the poet. It represents an idealized version of nature and peace that he longs for. While it is a physical place, it also symbolizes a state of inner peace and contentment that the poet yearns to return to. The poet does indeed miss the place of his boyhood days, as indicated by the vivid memories and the deep longing he expresses throughout the poem.

II.1. Look at the words the poet uses to describe what he sees and hears at Innisfree:

(i) Bee-loud glade:

• This phrase creates a picture of a quiet, sunlit clearing in the woods, filled with the gentle humming of bees.

(ii) Evenings full of the linnet’s wings:

• This evokes an image of the evening sky filled with the fluttering wings of small birds, specifically linnets, adding to the serene and picturesque setting.

(iii) Lake water lapping with low sounds:

• This phrase conjures up a calming image of gentle waves softly hitting the shore, contributing to the tranquil ambiance of the place.

2. Look at these words:

... peace comes dropping slow Dropping from the veils of the morning to where the cricket sings

• These words suggest that peace is something that gradually envelops the surroundings, much like the way morning mist slowly descends. The "veils of the morning" represent the early hours of the day when everything is still and quiet. "To where the cricket sings" signifies the natural world coming alive with the sounds of insects, emphasizing the calm and serene atmosphere of Innisfree.

Poem Rain on the Roof by Koates Kinney - Theme, Summary, Explanations, Question Answer Solved

Rain on the Roof by Coates Kinney

Table of Contents

• Summary of the Poem Rain on the Roof
• Themes
• Imagery
• Structure
• Literary Devices
• Analysis of Stanzas
• Conclusion
• Thinking about the Poem (Q&A)

Summary of the Poem Rain on the Roof

The poem "Rain on the Roof" begins with the poet describing the comforting and calming effect of the rain as it falls on the roof. The sound of the rain is like a lullaby to the poet, bringing back memories of the past. As the poet listens to the rain, he is transported back to his childhood, recalling the warmth and love of his mother and the happiness of those days.

Themes:

1. Nostalgia: The poet reminisces about his past, especially his childhood, and the memories associated with it.
2. Comfort and Peace: The sound of the rain brings a sense of comfort and tranquility to the poet.
3. Nature's Soothing Power: The rain's gentle sound has a calming and soothing effect on the poet's mind, highlighting nature's ability to influence human emotions.

Imagery:

• The poet uses vivid imagery to describe the rain and its effects. Words like "tinkle," "patter," and "drip" evoke the sound of rain.
• The imagery of a mother's love and childhood memories creates a warm and comforting atmosphere.

Structure:

The poem is written in a lyrical and rhythmic style, enhancing its soothing and melodic quality. The use of rhyming couplets and a consistent meter adds to the poem's musicality.

Literary Devices:

1. Alliteration: The repetition of consonant sounds, such as "hum of the honey-bee" and "starry spheres," adds to the poem's musicality.
2. Personification: The rain is personified as a lullaby, singing to the poet and bringing back memories.
3. Metaphor: The poet compares the rain to a "melody," emphasizing its calming effect.

Analysis of Stanzas:

• First Stanza: The poet describes the setting and the effect of the rain on his mind, bringing a sense of peace and relaxation.
• Second Stanza: The rain triggers memories of the poet's mother and childhood, highlighting the connection between the sound of rain and past experiences.
• Third Stanza: The poet reflects on the power of nature to evoke deep emotions and memories, concluding with a sense of contentment and nostalgia.

Conclusion:

"Rain on the Roof" by Coates Kinney is a beautiful poem that captures the soothing and nostalgic effects of rain. Through vivid imagery, rhythmic structure, and literary devices, the poet conveys the deep emotional impact of nature on the human psyche. The poem is a tribute to the simple yet profound joys of life, evoking a sense of peace and comfort through the sound of rain.

Thinking about the Poem (Q&A)

I. 1. What do the following phrases mean to you? Discuss in class.

(i) humid shadows

• Meaning: "Humid shadows" refer to the dark clouds that are filled with moisture, which appear just before it rains. These clouds cast a shadowy, gloomy appearance on the earth, creating an atmosphere of anticipation for the rain.

(ii) starry spheres

• Meaning: "Starry spheres" refer to the night sky filled with stars. It evokes a sense of beauty and wonder at the vastness and brilliance of the universe visible on a clear night.

(iii) what a bliss

• Meaning: "What a bliss" expresses a feeling of immense happiness and contentment. It signifies the joy and peace the poet feels when he listens to the sound of the rain.

(iv) a thousand dreamy fancies into busy being start

• Meaning: This phrase suggests that the sound of the rain triggers numerous imaginative and fanciful thoughts in the poet's mind, bringing his otherwise busy and practical life to a momentary standstill filled with daydreams.

(v) a thousand recollections weave their air-threads into woof

• Meaning: This phrase indicates that the rain brings back a multitude of memories for the poet, interweaving them like threads into the fabric of his mind. These memories form a vivid and intricate tapestry of his past experiences.

2. What does the poet like to do when it rains?

• Answer: The poet likes to lie in his cozy bed and listen to the patter of the rain on the roof. The sound of the rain soothes him and transports him back to his childhood memories.

3. What is the single major memory that comes to the poet? Who are the “darling dreamers” he refers to?

• Answer: The single major memory that comes to the poet is of his mother tucking him and his siblings into bed while listening to the sound of the rain. The “darling dreamers” refer to the poet and his siblings, who used to dream beautiful dreams under their mother's care.

4. Is the poet now a child? Is his mother still alive?

• Answer: No, the poet is not a child anymore; he is reminiscing about his childhood. His mother is no longer alive, which is evident from the nostalgic tone of the poem and the way he speaks about his memories.

II. 1. When you were a young child, did your mother tuck you in, as the poet’s did?

• Answer: (This answer will vary for each student. )

2. Do you like rain? What do you do when it rains steadily or heavily as described in the poem?

• Answer: (This answer will vary for each student. Possible activities during rain might include reading a book, playing indoor games, watching the rain from a window, or simply listening to the sound of the rain.)

3. Does everybody have a cozy bed to lie in when it rains? Look around you and describe how different kinds of people or animals spend time, seek shelter, etc. during rain.

• Answer: Not everyone has a cozy bed to lie in when it rains. Some people might live in homes that are not well-protected from the rain, such as those in slums or on the streets. They might seek shelter under bridges, in doorways, or any place that offers some protection from the rain. Animals might take refuge in burrows, under trees, or in any safe nook they can find. This highlights the disparities in living conditions and the importance of providing adequate shelter for all.

Top 100 Most Common Words in English: Enhance Your Vocabulary Effortlessly

Master the Basics: Essential Words for Everyday Communication

Table of Contents

1. Introduction
2. Why Learn the Most Common Words?
3. The List of 100 Most Common Words
   • 1-20
   • 21-40
   • 41-60
   • 61-80
   • 81-100
4. Tips for Learning Common Words
5. Conclusion
6. Quiz to Test your understanding of the 100 most common words in English

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Introduction

Welcome to our comprehensive guide on the 100 most common words in the English language. Whether you're a beginner looking to enhance your vocabulary or someone who wants to brush up on their basics, this post is for you. Understanding these frequently used words can significantly improve your communication skills and make learning English easier and more enjoyable.

Why Learn the Most Common Words?

Learning the most common words in English offers several benefits:

• Efficiency: Quickly boosts your ability to understand and be understood in everyday conversations.
• Foundation: Provides a solid base for further language learning.
• Confidence: Increases your confidence in speaking and writing.

The List of 100 Most Common Words

Let's dive into the list. We've broken it down into manageable sections for easier learning.

1-20

1. the
2. be
3. to
4. of
5. and
6. a
7. in
8. that
9. have
10. I
11. it
12. for
13. not
14. on
15. with
16. he
17. as
18. you
19. do
20. at

21-40

21. this
22. but
23. his
24. by
25. from
26. they
27. we
28. say
29. her
30. she
31. or
32. an
33. will
34. my
35. one
36. all
37. would
38. there
39. their
40. what

41-60

41. so
42. up
43. out
44. if
45. about
46. who
47. get
48. which
49. go
50. me
51. when
52. make
53. can
54. like
55. time
56. no
57. just
58. him
59. know
60. take

61-80

61. people
62. into
63. year
64. your
65. good
66. some
67. could
68. them
69. see
70. other
71. than
72. then
73. now
74. look
75. only
76. come
77. its
78. over
79. think
80. also

81-100

81. back
82. after
83. use
84. two
85. how
86. our
87. work
88. first
89. well
90. way
91. even
92. new
93. want
94. because
95. any
96. these
97. give
98. day
99. most
100. us

Tips for Learning Common Words

1. Practice Daily: Use these words in sentences every day.
2. Flashcards: Create flashcards to test your memory.
3. Reading: Read books, articles, and other materials to see these words in context.
4. Writing: Write short essays or journal entries using these words.
5. Speaking: Engage in conversations focusing on using these common words.

Conclusion

Mastering the most common words in English is a practical step toward fluency. By incorporating these words into your daily practice, you'll find yourself communicating more effectively and with greater confidence. Happy learning!

Quiz to Test your understanding of the 100 most common words in English

Question 1

Which word is a pronoun?
a) the
b) have
c) I
d) do

Question 2

Which of the following words is a conjunction?
a) from
b) as
c) say
d) after

Question 3

Which word indicates possession?
a) by
b) their
c) out
d) him

Question 4

Which word is an auxiliary verb?
a) will
b) look
c) people
d) year

Question 5

Which word is an article?
a) his
b) an
c) so
d) if

Question 6

Which of the following is a preposition?
a) not
b) on
c) take
d) see

Question 7

Which word is a verb?
a) make
b) or
c) other
d) now

Question 8

Which word is an adjective?
a) into
b) her
c) good
d) out

Question 9

Which word is a noun?
a) I
b) time
c) we
d) up

Question 10

Which word is an adverb?
a) just
b) with
c) know
d) get

Question 11

Which word is a determiner?
a) you
b) come
c) all
d) give

Question 12

Which word is a modal verb?
a) could
b) these
c) she
d) like

Question 13

Which word is a question word?
a) some
b) into
c) what
d) time

Question 14

Which word is a possessive pronoun?
a) me
b) my
c) about
d) after

Question 15

Which word is a personal pronoun?
a) see
b) back
c) over
d) we

Question 16

Which word is a conjunction?
a) when
b) into
c) work
d) way

Question 17

Which word can function as both a noun and a verb?
a) look
b) him
c) than
d) first

Question 18

Which word is a quantifier?
a) could
b) some
c) know
d) will

Question 19

Which word is an interjection?
a) how
b) first
c) into
d) because

Question 20

Which word is related to time?
a) day
b) other
c) us
d) use

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Answer Key

1. c) I
2. b) as
3. b) their
4. a) will
5. b) an
6. b) on
7. a) make
8. c) good
9. b) time
10. a) just
11. c) all
12. a) could
13. c) what
14. b) my
15. d) we
16. a) when
17. a) look
18. b) some
19. a) how
20. a) day

Detective No. 30 by L Swenson - Question Answer - Word Meaning - Extra Questions for Practice

Summary of the Story Detective No. 30

John was bored because his friend Billie was away, so he decided to play detective. He saw a man parking a car and followed him. The man acted suspiciously, entering a house and later coming out disguised. John noted the car's license plate number. The next day, John's father read about a burglary in that house and called the police after John shared what he saw. At the police station, John identified the thief, leading to the man's arrest. John received a $100 reward for his help. 

Word Meaning

1. Unhappy: Not happy; feeling sad.
2. Interesting: Something that grabs attention or is fun to do.
3. Zipper fastener: A device used to close clothes, bags, etc.
4. Badge: A small piece of metal or plastic with words or symbols, worn to show who you are or what you do.
5. Detective: A person who finds out information, especially to solve crimes.
6. Thief: A person who steals things.
7. Parked: Stopped and left a vehicle in a place.
8. Engine: The part of a car that makes it move.
9. Handbrake: A brake in a car that is used to keep it still when parked.
10. Path: A way or track laid down for walking or made by continual treading.
11. License plate: A metal plate on a car with numbers and letters that identifies the car.
12. Whiskers: Long hairs growing on the face of an animal or person.
13. Suitcase: A large case with a handle used for carrying clothes and other things when traveling.
14. Inspector: A police officer of high rank.
15. Reward: Money or another gift given for doing something good or finding something.
16. Jewellery: Decorative items like rings, necklaces, and bracelets.
17. Break into: Enter a building by force, usually to steal something.
18. Offering: Providing something to someone.
19. Suddenly: Quickly and unexpectedly.
20. Afraid: Feeling fear or worry.
21. Seals: Stickers or stamps used to mark something.
22. Muddy: Covered with or full of mud (wet earth).
23. Roared: Made a very loud sound.
24. Prove: Show something is true with evidence.
25. Brains: Intelligence or mental ability.
26. Uniform: Special clothes worn by all members of a group or organization.
27. Policemen: Men who are members of the police force.
28. Television: A device that receives broadcast signals and displays them on a screen.
29. Neighbours: People who live near you.
30. Shaking hands: Grasping someone's hand as a greeting or to show agreement.

Let's Infer

1. Rearrange the main events of the story in the order in which they happened. 

ANSWER:

1. b - One day, John saw a man parking his car, and followed him into a shop.
2. a - He saw the big-nosed man go around to the back of the house.
3. g - A little later he saw a man with grey whiskers carry a suitcase out of the house.
4. c - He noted down the number of the car.
5. d - The next morning, John's father noticed a newspaper report on the burglary in Mr. Stone's house.
6. f - John's father called up the police and asked them to come home.
7. e - John's father took Billie and John to the police station.
8. i - John identified the burglar at the police station.
9. h - The police found the burglar after obtaining useful information from John.
10. j - He received a reward of $100.

2. Do you agree with the following statements? Say Yes (Y) or No (N).

ANSWER:

1. John was a full-time detective. No (N) 
2. Sticking a seal on the man's coat helped John notice that the man leaving Mr. Stone's house was the same man who entered it. Yes (Y) 
3. The man left the engine of his car running before entering the house because he wanted to make a quick getaway later. Yes (Y) 
4. The report that John's father read in the newspaper said that the man who burgled Mr. Stone's house had been caught. No (N) 
5. John's father asked the police to come home so that he could tell them who the burglar was. Yes (Y) 
6. Billie had already seen Tarzan but John hadn't. Yes (Y) 
7. John found it difficult to identify the burglar in the police station because there were other men standing with the burglar. No (N) 
8. The grey-haired gentleman who gave John $100 was Mr. Stone. Yes (Y)

Let's Discuss

1. Do you agree with the burglar’s statement?

   • Yes, the burglar's statement is accurate. John’s careful observation and detailed reporting were crucial in identifying and catching him. Without John's input, the police might not have had enough information to track down the thief.

2. Which three words describe John best? And why?

   • Observant: John noticed details such as the car's license plate and the changes in the man’s appearance, which helped him track the thief.
   • Intelligent: He used his observations and notes effectively to provide valuable information to the police.
   • Careful: John took note of the car’s license plate and the distinguishing features of the man, showing attention to detail.

3. Qualities of a good detective:

• Observant: Noticing and remembering details that might be important for solving a case.
• Intelligent: Using reasoning and analysis to piece together clues and understand the case.
• Patient: Taking the time to thoroughly investigate and follow up on leads without rushing.
• Careful: Paying attention to details and ensuring accuracy in collecting and reporting information.

Extra Questions and Answers for Practice

1. Why was John unhappy at the beginning of the story?

   • John was unhappy because his friend Billie had gone to the dentist with his mother, leaving John alone with nothing interesting to do.

2. What idea made John brighten up?

   • John's face brightened when he remembered his Detective No. 30 badge. He decided to play detective and follow a thief.

3. What unusual action did the man take with his car?

   • The man started his car engine, pulled up the handbrake, and then got out, leaving the engine running. He then quickly walked to Mr. Stone's house and went around to the back.

4. Why did John think the man who came out of Mr. Stone's house was different from the man who went in?

   • John thought the man was different because the man who came out had grey whiskers and wore a grey cap, while the man who went in had a smooth face, a big nose, and wore a hat.

5. What did John do to identify the car the man drove?

   • John carefully noted the license plate number of the car and wrote it down on a piece of paper.

6. How did John’s father react when John told him about the man?

   • John's father was initially skeptical but decided to call the police when John told him everything he had seen.

7. What key piece of evidence did John provide to the police to help them identify the thief?

   • John provided the police with the license plate number of the car, which was dark green and muddy.

8. How did the policemen verify John's story at the police station?

   • The policemen verified John's story by asking him to identify the man he had followed. John pointed out the man with the big nose and then confirmed it was the same man by finding the red seal he had stuck on the man’s coat.

9. What was the outcome for John and Billie at the end of the story?

   • John and Billie were praised for their clever detective work, and John received a hundred-dollar reward for helping to catch the thief.